Was the Higgs Boson Discovered?

Abstract

The standard model has postulated the existence of a scalar boson, named the Higgs boson (or the Brout-Englert-Higgs boson, for more complete). This boson plays a central role in a symmetry breaking scheme called the Higgs mechanism making the standard model realistic. However, until recently at least, the 50-year-long-sought Higgs boson had remained the only particle in the standard model not yet discovered experimentally. It is the last but very important missing ingredient of the standard model. Therefore, searching for the Higgs boson is a crucial task and an important mission of particle physics. For this purpose, many theoretical works have been done and dierent experiments have been organized. It may be said in particular that to search for the Higgs boson has been one of the ultimatums of building and running the LHC, the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, at CERN, which is a great combination of science and technology. Recently, in the summer of 2012, ATLAS and CMS, the two biggest and general- purpose LHC collaborations, announced the discovery of a new boson with a mass around 125 GeV. Since then, for over two years, ATLAS, CMS and other collaborations have carried out intensive investigations on the newly discovered boson to conrm that this new boson is really the Higgs boson (of the standard model). It is a triumph of science and technology and international cooperation. Here, we will review the main results of these investigations after presenting a brief introduction to the Higgs boson between the theoretical framework of the standard model and Higgs mechanism as well as a theoretical and experimental background of searching for it. This paper may attract interest of not only particle physicists but also a broader audience.