Structure and Electrochemical Impedance of LiNi\(_{x}\)Mn\(_{2 - x}\)O\(_{4}\)
Author affiliations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/26/4/8953Keywords:
Lithium ion battery, spinel manganate cathode material, Rietveld refinement, Electrochemical impedanceAbstract
Ni-substitution spinel LiNixMn2−xO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) materials were synthesized by the sol--gel method. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy. The ac conduction of the materials was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The refinement results showed that the substitution of Ni decreased the lattice constant and Mn--O distance, while increased Li--O bond length and 16c octahedral volume. The EIS results confirmed the decrease of conductivity with increasing Ni substitution content. Based on XRD and EIS results, the relationship between the crystal structure and electrochemical behavior of the materials was discussed and explained.
Downloads
References
T. Ohzuku, M. Kitagawa, T. Hirai, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137 (1990) 769–775.
R. Gummow, A. De Kock, M. Thackeray, Solid State Ionics 69 (1994) 59–67.
D.H. Jang, Y.J. Shin, S.M. Oh, J. Electrochem. Soc. 143 (1996) 2204–2211.
C.Y. Ouyang, S.Q. Shi, M.S. Lei, J. Alloys Compd. 474 (1–2) (2009) 370–374.
Y. Xia, T. Sakai, T. Fujieda, X. Yang, X. Sun, Z. Ma, et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 148 (2001) A723–A729.
M. D. Bhatt and C. O'Dwyer, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 (2015) 4799-4844.
K. Amine, H. Tukamoto, H. Yasuda, Y. Fujita, J. Power Sources 68 (1997) 604–608.
R. Alcantara, M. Jaraba, P. Lavela, J. Tirado, Electrochim. Acta 47 (2002) 1829–1835.
M. M. Thackeray, A. de Kock, M. H. Rossouw, D. C. Liles, R. Bittihn and D. Hoge, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139 (1992) 363.
F. Le Cras, P. Strobel, M. Anne, D. Bloch, J. P. Soupart and J. C. Rousche, Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem. 33 (1996) 67.
H. Berg, K. Goransson, B. Nolang and J. O. Thomas, J. Mater. Chem. 10 (2000) 1437-1441.
J. Molenda, J. Marzec, K. Świerczek, W. Ojczyk, M. Ziemnicki, M. Molenda, M. Drozdek, R. Dziembaj, Solid State Ionics 171 (3–4) (2004) 215–227.
M. A. Kebede, N. Kunjuzwa, C. J. Jafta, M. K. Mathe, K. I. Ozoemena, Electrochim. Acta 128 (2014) 172–177.
J. Rodríguez-Carvajal, FullProf Program: Rietveld, Profile Matching and Integrated Intensities Refinement of x-Ray and/or Neutron Data (Powder and/or Single-Crystal). Laboratoire Leon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), 2007.
K. Momma, F. Izumi, J. Appl. Cryst. 41 (2008) 653-658.
Q. Zhong, A. Bonakdarpour, M. Zhang, Y. Gao. and J. R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. 144 (1) (1997) 205-213.
Bjork, H.; Dabkowska, H.; Greedan, J. E.; Gustafsson, T.; Thomas, J. O. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. C: Cryst. Struct. Commun. 57 (2001) 331–332.
Martinez, S.; Sobrados, I.; Tonti, D.; Amarilla, J. M.; Sanz, J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 (2014) 3282–3291.
Y. Wei, K. B. Kim, G. Chen, Electrochim. Acta 51 (16) (2006) 3365–3373.
M.M. Thackeray, W.I.F. David, P.G. Bruce, J.B. Goodenough, Mater. Res. Bull. 18 (4) 1983 461-472.
N. Ishizawa, K. Tateishi, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn. 117 (2009) 6-14.
K. Hoang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014) 18271-18280.
F.X. Wang, S.Y. Xiao, Y. Shia, L.L. Liu, Y.S. Zhu, Y.P. Wu, J.Z. Wang, R. Holze, Electrochim. Acta 93 (2013) 301–306.
Scully J.R., Silverman D.C., Kendig M.W., Electrochemical impedance: analysis and interpretation. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia 1993.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Communications in Physics is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright on any research article published in Communications in Physics is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. Authors grant VAST Journals System (VJS) a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Upon author(s) by giving permission to Communications in Physics either via Communications in Physics portal or other channel to publish their research work in Communications in Physics agrees to all the terms and conditions of https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ License and terms & condition set by VJS.
